Pros and Cons of Private Schooling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Advantages and disadvantages of Private Schooling - Essay Example This paper dissects the advantages and disadvantages of private tutoring as clarified in four articles, connections to which are given in the references area. Non-public schools have routinely assumed a significant job in advancing and reinforcing UK’s economy regardless of being lesser in number when contrasted with the state funded schools. There is a great deal of proof to recommend that people instructed in non-public schools increase a ton of financial points of interest in their expert profession. They improve occupations and are utilized at more significant compensations than the alumni of government funded schools, however there is little expertise about the manner in which the social and financial impact of the private tutoring has surfaced. In their paper, Green et al (2010) have given observational proof to the level of progress experienced in the instruction differentials and school compensation over the timeframe. The reasons why understudies taught in non-public schools have a larger number of focal points than those informed in government funded schools incorporate however are not restricted to considerable increment in the quantity of assets, expanded accentuation of the tuition based schools upon the scholarly accomplishment of understudies through inner change, and expanded charge sums that guardians don't have issue with paying given the far reaching information economy and increment in the quantity of ladies partaking in the work power. ... (Green et al, 2010). The creators reason that half of the pay raise differential between the alumni of private and state funded schools is a result of the preferred capabilities of the previous over the last mentioned. Self-teach Academy (2007) talks about various focal points of the tuition based schools. The scholarly exhibition of tuition based school understudies is obviously superior to that of the state funded school understudies. One of the few purposes for this is expanded parental inclusion in the youngster instruction in tuition based schools. Tuition based schools are described by opportunity from the limitations forced by the legislature over government funded schools. Non-public schools are allowed to choose center scholastic subjects for educating. They don't need to hold up under the weight of political promotion gatherings while planning the educational program for their understudies. In view of their expanded opportunity, non-public schools are better ready to uphold discipline inside the study hall just as in the grounds. They are incredibly encouraged by the guardians of the understudies in actualizing discipline in the schools since guardians are as worried about making the tuition based school training a triumph as the school executives and proprietors themselves seem to be. Be that as it may, non-public schools despite everything need to conquer the difficulties old enough isolation in study halls and the firmness of instructors regarding their speed of educating. NCSPE (n.d.) clarifies why non-public schools are so dubious. Tuition based schools furnish the families with an approach to withdraw from their duties towards the general public as residents and furthermore advance disparity. The crucial reason for shamefulness is the utilization of open dollars by non-public schools that are conceivably

The Corporate Social Responsibility of Motorola

The Corporate Social Responsibility of Motorola Corporate Social Responsibility additionally alluded to as CSR can be characterized as the thought that partnerships have a commitment to society to consider their financial effect as well as their social and natural effect. Motorola characterizes corporate social obligation as a methods for saddling the intensity of our worldwide business to profit people.It implies making the best choice in all parts of our business, including how we treat nature, our representatives, our customers,our accomplices and our networks. Job OF CORPORATE SOCAIL RESPONSIBILITY As of late Corporate Social Responsibility is being connected to Business Ethics. Morals? There are decides that demonstrate the distinction among good and bad. Morals urges the business to make the right decision there by adjusting the association to moral conduct. CSR has achieved Code Of Ethics , an archive that associations write to set out measures of conduct that is normal by a lot of partners. Some code of morals incorporate standards, for example, genuineness, uprightness, dedication, reasonableness, dependability, honest, initiative, responsibility, qualities, spirits and regard and worry for other people. These fuse attributes and conduct of rules that are normal by associations. Numerous organizations recently saw Corporate Socail Responsibility as far as a type of authoritative consistence with principles that are lawful and with regards to rules and guideline inner to the organization. It must be noticed this have since changed and for organizations to make due in todays worldwide world organizations must focus on gaining trust, certainty and regard of their clients. In todays worldwide world organizations are being requested to rehearse moral conduct. It would then be able to be said that CSR is intrigued with ways an association surpasses the base commitments to partners indicated through guidelines and corporate administration. It thinks about regarding how requests of various partners can be accommodated. CSR ought to improve corporate activities as it identifies with human rights, natural insurance, sponsorship to nearby networks and assorted variety among others in the work place. HISTORY OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY It has been contended that social duty development occurred during the 1960s or 1970s, the open cognizance was expanded about the job of business, assisting with developing and keep up profoundly moral practices in the public arena and especially in the common habitat. Development OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY In latest years CSR have become mainstream all inclusive and the contributing variables incorporate open mindfulness and innovation. The general population have now gotten mindful through mechanical mechanisium, for example, the web, sattalite seeing, cell phones and the capacity to impart using projects, for example, skype and video conferencing. The capacity to get data on a constant bases has permitted the general population to be educated regarding worldwide issues. Issues, for example, pay off and debasement in different nations and how this have affected on their residents. The general population is additionally ready to get data about organizations around the globe and by and large the business that stand out as truly newsworthy are the ones that isn't looking for the government assistance of the common habitat and HR the same. Business that may have had frequencies of damage to common habitat or to HR have made a few NGOs be conceived. The strikes and pickets and terrible exposure the business may get would have genuine long haul outcomes on the exsistance and endurance of the business. Pay off AND CORUPTION Sue Hawley (2000) expressed that a few organizations pay monstrous measures of cash to pick up agreements or concessions they would not have in any case won. She evaluated that US$80billion a year is paid and that this sum is about the sum that is required by the UN. The UN accepts that this sum would be expected to annihilate world destitution. These pay-offs and the cost joined to it falls principally on the poor,whether it is through the redirection of help cash into degenerate authorities pockets or through climbing up costs when the expense of pay-offs is given in raised costs to shoppers. Pay off and debasement sabotage the best possible functions of a market economy which can genuinely decrease GDP in the most unfortunate nations. It reflects bogus cost and cost contemplations with the goal that wellsprings of riches or assets are not utilized productively. Choices are being made dependent on who offers the greatest incentives instead of value, value, advancement and administration. Making costs ascend for everybody the effect is felt by poor people. It tends to be noticed that assets are often redirected away from littler tasks that aid advancement of a nation but instead set in huge activities that are supposed to be prominent, where there is more degree for ill-advised installments and practices. This effects on poor people who are denied essential crucial open administrations. Being engaged with debasement is morally off-base, here force is abused or mishandled subverting the intergrity of all concerned. Debasements anyway subverts the popularity based procedure also the standard of law. Government must acquire its licience to work similarly as whatever other business that works. Government authorities and legislators all lose their authenticity in an atmosphere of corruption.Againwith the poor being influenced the most. Ecological issues are probably going to endure in a system that debasement is transcendent, natural enactments for the most part is missing as degenerate authorities is paid for choosing to disregard. Business are additionally in danger when there is pay off and defilement in a nation. There are lawful ramifications and hazard, this kind of conduct id unlawful any place it happens however regardless of whether it were not, as a result of worldwide weight model the UN show against defilement it is getting progressively illicit to participate in these sort of practices in numerous nations. Allegations of defilement whether demonstrated or not can make notorieties be lost or discolored and the danger of a falling business is entirely conceivable. Model Nike where blamed for utilizing kids to work in sweat shops to create top of the line items that were exorbitant to cunsumers. Nike have since burned through a great many dollars to modify its notoriety for being misfortunes begun to be figured it out. As a business that might be cheating, it might urge different organizations to cheat to have an upper hand or essentially to endure. This makes working together significantly more troublesome. There is added substantability to the expense of working together. There can be loss of trust by all partners included employess, providers and clients. Straightforwardness International consistently creates the Corruption Perception Index. This Index positions one hundred and seventy eight nations as indicated by the degree of defilement saw to exist among open authorities and lawmakers. A score showing zero implies that the nation is exceptionally degenerate and a score of ten demonstrates profoundly perfect. The accompanying chart is the 2010 Corruption Perceptions Index. RANK Nation/ Region SCORE RANK Nation/ Domain SCORE RANK Nation/ Domain SCORE 1 Denmark 9.3 30 Spain 6.1 59 Tunisia 4.3 1 New Zealand 9.3 32 Portugal 6.0 62 Croatia 4.1 1 Singapore 9.3 33 Botswana 5.8 62 FYR Macedonia 4.1 4 Finland 9.2 33 Puerto Rico 5.8 62 Ghana 4.1 4 Sweden 9.2 33 Taiwan 5.8 62 Samoa 4.1 6 Canada 8.9 36 Bhutan 5.7 66 Rwanda 4.0 7 Netherlands 8.8 37 Malta 5.6 67 Italy 3.9 8 Australia 8.7 38 Brunel 5.5 68 Georgia 3.8 8 Switzerland 8.7 39 Korea (South) 5.4 69 Brazil 3.7 10 Norway 8.6 39 Mauritius 5.4 69 Cuba 3.7 11 Iceland 8.5 41 Costa Rica 5.3 69 Montenegro 3.7 11 Luxembourg 8.5 41 Oman 5.3 69 Romania 3.7 13 Hong Kong 8.4 41 Poland 5.3 73 Bulgaria 3.6 14 Ireland 8.0 44 Dominica 5.2 73 El Salvador 3.6 15 Austria 7.9 45 Cape Verde 5.1 73 Panama 3.6 15 Germany 7.9 46 Lithuania 5.0 73 Trinidad and Tobago 3.6 17 Barbados 7.8 46 Macau 5.0 73 Vanuatu 3.6 17 Japan 7.8 48 Bahrain 4.9 78 China 3.5 19 Qatar 7.7 49 Seychelles 4.8 78 Colombia 3.5 20 Joined Kingdom 7.6 50 Hungary 4.7 78 Greece 3.5 21 Chile 7.2 50 Jordan 4.7 78 Lesotho 3.5 22 Belgium 7.1 50 Saudi Arabia 4.7 78 Peru 3.5 22 US 7.1 53 Czech Republic 4.6 78 Serbia 3.5 24 Uruguay 6.9 54 Kuwait 4.5 78 Thailand 3.5 25 France 6.8 54 South Africa 4.5 85 Malawi 3.4 26 Estonia 6.5 56 Malaysia 4.4 85 Morocco 3.4 27 Slovenia 6.4 56 Namibia 4.4 87 Albania 3.3 28 Cyprus 6.3 56 Turkey 4.4 87 India 3.3 28 Joined Arab Emirates 6.3 59 Latvia 4.3 87 Jamaica 3.3 30 Israel 6.1 59 Slovakia 4.3 87 Liberia 3.3 RANK Nation/ Domain SCORE RANK Nation/ Region SCORE RANK Nation/ Region SCORE 91 Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.2 116 Tanzania 2.7 146 Nepal 2.2 91 Djibouti 3.2 116 Vietnam 2.7 146 Paraguay 2.2 91 Gambia 3.2 123 Armenia 2.6 146 Yemen 2.2 91 Guatemala 3.2 123 Eritrea 2.6 154 Cambodia 2.1 91 Kiribati 3.2 123 Madagascar 2.6 154 Focal African Republic 2.1 91 Sri Lanka 3.2 123 Niger 2.6 154 Comoros 2.1 91 Swaziland 3.2 127 Belarus 2.5 154 Congo-Brazzaville 2.1 98 Burkina Faso 3.1 127 Ecuador 2.5 154 Guinea-Bissau 2.1 98 Egypt 3.1 127 Lebanon 2.5 154 Kenya 2.1 98 Mexico 3.1 127 Nicaragua 2.5 154 Laos 2.1 101 Dominican Republic 3.0 127 Syria 2.5 154 Papua New Guinea 2.1 101 Sao Tome Principle 3.0 127 Timor-Leste 2.5 154 Russia 2.1 101 Tonga 3.0 127 Uganda 2.5 154 Tajikistan 2.1 101 Zambia 3.0 134 Azerbaijan 2.4 164 Law based Republic of the Congo 2.0 105 Algeria 2.9 134 Bangladesh 2.4 164 Guinea 2.

TOEFL Essay Format and Examples

TOEFL Essay Format and ExamplesThere are a lot of essay format and samples that are out there. There are some very clear differences between some of the examples, and many students are not sure which ones they should use for their own essay. Some things to consider include: they're there for a reason. Some will be easy, while others may require some tweaking.One thing I will start with is: just because a student wants to go by a certain format, doesn't mean it's the right one for them. Not every student has the same abilities or qualifications. For instance, a chemistry student may want to write in the form of a table. A student who studies government or world history might want to write in a chapter structure. Regardless, of their abilities, a student should know what they want before they begin.Before even starting the essay, the student should make sure they have all of their information. The reason for this is that the assignment is a good way to assess their skills and determine if they can meet the deadline. They should already have a plan of attack for how they will go about writing the essay. If the student's writing skills are poor, then they will need to start improving those skills before they start writing. At least, if they want to get their student services for free, then it should be done properly and according to the standards set forth by the TOEFL essay.Now, when looking at sample essays, the student should also keep in mind that some of them are based on past experience, while others are completely unique. So, if they are getting ready to write their own essay, they need to find the section that they like the best and write that first. The goal here is to understand what works best for them, as well as writing in a way that's natural for them.In addition to these tips, another useful tip is that when looking at sample essays, the student should remember that there is an occasional name change. Some sample essays may include the student's name as part of the title, while others will simply say 'The Student'. This is just a basic guideline but will help the student see a general pattern in the format and samples.One major point to keep in mind is that writing a TOEFL essay is extremely different from other college essays. A student needs to learn about the 'Rules of English'. All too often, students do not realize how much writing style is dictated by the rules. Once the student is aware of this, they can use the examples to stay within the 'rules'.Furthermore, they must also use the samples for learning about the type of essay they will be writing. Not all programs and courses use a chapter structure or essay format, but many do. Knowing what format the student should use when writing a thesis statement or conclusion is something that they should consider when looking at the sample essays. It will help them write their essay in a manner that is most fitting for their specific needs.I'm sure you can see how taking the tim e to look at TOEFL essay format and samples can help a student prepare to write an essay. The goal of this kind of material is to help a student better understand what they need to do to successfully pass the TOEFL. Because of the variety of materials out there, students have the ability to use it to their advantage to produce the best essay possible. Taking advantage of these resources will prove helpful for each and every student.

Ethnocentrism Across Cultures Film Analysis of Bride and...

Bride and Prejudice and Ethnocentrism Across Cultures People who travel abroad always have a better understanding of what it means to meet new cultures and the experience of living in culturally different societies. While visiting a different society might be ideal, as a first step one may watch a foreign film that describes peculiarities of a different culture we are not familiar with. In this paper, I will discuss my experience of watching such a movie. The film I chose for this task is Bride and Prejudice (2005). It was made by a British director of Indian descent Gurinder Chadha and stars American, British, and Indian actors and actresses, including Miss World 1994 and the Bollywood top star Aishwarya Rai. The plot takes place in several cities, including Los Angeles, New York, London, Bombay, and Amritsar, and addresses such questions as pride, prejudice, ethnocentrism, cultural imperialism, and love. This is an adaptation of Jane Austins famous novel with a Bollywood approach and style though the film was made in English. It tells the story of a rich American snob Will Darcy who wants to open a hotel in an Indian city and visits the family of Bakshis in Amritsar. It is an Indian family where the mother is trying to marry her four daughters to rich men. One of them is Lalita. She is an outspoken, intelligent, and beautiful woman. Darcy and Lalita clash initially but love eventually blossoms between the two. Despite so many cultural barriers between America and

America s Multi Ethnic And Multicultural Democracy Essay

The President-Elect Donald Trump ran his presidential campaign with the slogan ‘Make America Great Again,’ but according to Jon Stewart, a media critic and former host of The Daily Show, no one really asked Mr. Trump that what makes America great? In an interview titled ‘The Trump Effect’ with the CBS News, Stewart answered the posed question that it is â€Å"America’s multi-ethnic and multicultural democracy† and the idea of â€Å"collectivism† what makes America â€Å"an anomaly in the world† (November 2017). America, the new world, was built by freedom seekers who just couldn’t fully use their God given strength as their homelands were becoming chaotic and without any opportunities. In order to pursue their dreams, they voyaged across the oceans for years and connected the other side to the rest of the world. Mostly from Europe, these immigrants settled in the barren parts of the new land which is known as the United Sta tes of America today where according to the writer J Hector St. John de Crevecoeur â€Å"†¦individuals of all nations are melted into a new race of men†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and every individual is â€Å"†¦an American, who leaving behind him all his ancient prejudices and manners, receives new ones from the new mode of life he has embraced, the new government he obeys, and the new rank he holds†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (RRA 568). The new world-America-was full of new opportunities, thus people of different colors, races, and ethnicities started immigrating to America from other continents, but ironically were consideredShow MoreRelatedExamine the Claim That Britishness Is Defined by Shared Values1680 Words   |  7 Pagesethnicity, diversity and imagined community, without judgements being made as to who should and should not be included. Individuals if asked to describe themselves will do so in many different ways, but will give reference to family, peer groups, ethnic groups, gender and class, all of which play a part in defining a British Identity. However identity is socially constructed and therefore is flexible adapting to changing circumstances and situations. National identity needs to be redefined over timeRead MoreAchieving Multiculturalism Within the Classroom Essay examples2189 Words   |  9 Pagesthe ultimate success or failure of a student within the classroom environment, whether multi-culturally defined or not. This may be consistent with an individual’s class, ethnicity, race, as well as the determination of the student themselves. The question is often raised of the impact that these key indicators have within the educational system. Background Researching specific paradigms within a multicultural-defined classroom show that there are substantial differences between males and femalesRead MoreDiscrimination: Race and United States1987 Words   |  8 PagesNicholas Blount Tapiarenà © MWF 1-1:50 April 26, 2013 English 100 Final Draft Assimilating vs. Recognizing Ethnic Diversity As children grow up, they become the person they turn out to be because of experiences and the culture and society they grew up in. Nations are affected in the same sense because the people living in a nation affect how the nation is influenced and builds its character. Discrimination has been around for too long and needs to be dealt with. This act is not right, GodRead MoreMarketing Is A Societal Process10294 Words   |  42 Pagesanymore with the consumers. That made the company s make their competition harder and harder for all those that was competing against each other for selling. Instead, companies realize that it wasn’t about them it was about what the consumers wanted and understanding what their needs was. Which brings the marketing concept, meaning the decisions that the marketers should flow from first knowing what the customer s want and personally know the customer s . This concept will help the industry becauseRead MoreLeadership in a Multicultural Organization4096 Words   |  17 PagesLeadership in a Multicultural Organization Introduction With the passage of time traveling industry has emerged as one of the most profitable and lucrative industries globally. This can further be demonstrated from the fact that traveling industries today are just not localized to providing their customers with tourism related facilities but along with this they also ensure that their customers make use of all possible facilities and leisure resources through which their clients can enjoy theRead More Student Democratic Party Platform Essay3533 Words   |  15 Pagesfurther American prosperity is enormous. At times this journey will be a perilous quest, but with valiant leadership this nation shall flourish. Only the Democratic Party is prepared to guide America towards this future. Under the watchful guidance of President Bill Clinton and the Democratic Party, America is finally moving in the right direction. In 1996, we, the Democratic Party, adopted and enacted a platform that has reinvigorated the American spirit of opportunity, responsibility, and communityRead MoreLatin America And The Caribbean2587 Words   |  11 PagesVenezuela is located between Latin America the Caribbean. North of South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, between Colombia and Guyana. The north of the country is bordered by the Caribbean, the east by Guyana and the Atlantic Ocean, the south by Brazil, and to the west and southwest by Colombia. Venezuela has four distinguished regions: the Venezuelan Highlands in the west, the Maracaibo Lowlands in the northwest, the vast central plain of Los Llanos around theRead MoreInflation and Costco10736 Words   |  43 PagesCostco to open first store in Seattle, Washington on September 15, 1983.  By the end o f the year, other locations Costco s turn to be opened at Portland, Oregon and Spokane, Washington. 1984: Wednesday Costco warehouse opened in Salt Lake City, Utah.  In late 1984, the ninth Costco warehouse building in five states and serves more than 200,000 members.Sales of CostcoWholesale s Club has passed 1 billion. 1985: Costco shares issued on December 5.  Costco to open first store in Burnaby Canada-styleRead MoreBrazil and Mexico Comparative Analysis Essay6071 Words   |  25 Pagesincreasingly prevalent and influential on the international stage. These nations share many similarities. Both are newly industrialized developing economies, share similar cultural and societal norms and are considered the top economies of Latin America. Brazil and Mexico both have crumbling infrastructures in dire need of upgrades. Despite these similarities, both countries maintain their own unique culture, political landscape and business environments. This report will analyze the political,Read MoreRacism and Ethnic Discrimination44667 Words   |  179 PagesRACISM AND ETHNIC DISCRIMINATION IN NICARAGUA Myrna Cunningham Kain With the collaboration of: Ariel Jacobson, Sofà ­a Manzanares, Eileen Mairena, Eilen Gà ³mez, Jefferson Sinclair Bush November 2006 Centro para la Autonomà ­a y Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indà ­genas Center for Indigenous Peoples’ Autonomy and Development Racism and Ethnic Discrimination in Nicaragua November 2006 Contents 1. 2. Introduction Structure of the study 2.1 Scope and methodology 4 7 7 3. Racism

The Current Practice Of Classroom Assessment - 1479 Words

As defined by Florez (1999), (cited in Sakale 2012 p.1103) speaking is â€Å"an interactive process of constructing meaning both its form and meaning depend on the context, the participants, their experiences, the environment and the purpose for speaking† Assessment is generally defined as â€Å"a process of monitoring or keeping track of the learner’s progress† (Rea-Dickins, 2000, p.376). For good assessment, teacher has to be assessment literate means that they should have knowledge about the assessment strategies, techniques and concepts (Rogier, 2014). According to Lee (2010) quantitative method to collect data concerning the practices of 51 Korean teacher to assess student’s skills. The questionnaire provides details about the current†¦show more content†¦The frequently used speaking tasks by teachers are: interview, picture description and oral presentation. All three tasks have certain similarities that according to Lee (2004) they are close to everyday life situations; enable the students to use as much L2 as possible. On the other hand, Sook (2003) research in Korean schools shows that teachers opt for such speaking assessment tasks that gave less psychological burden to students, were less time consuming and did not demand the teacher to take the role of interviewer etc. Teachers function as a rater only, scoring students responses, therefore they mostly used activities such as answering questions and describing a realia to assess the students speaking ability. Recently Xiaole, Meng and Manli (2012) utilize d questionnaire to conduct a nation-wide survey in China, a quantitative approach to explore the ways and methods of intercultural communicative competence (ICC) assessment in English programs at the tertiary level. Thirty English teachers randomly selected from 39 universities China through PPS (probability proportional to size) preferred oral presentation, role play and paper test to assess students’ ICC. The findings suggested that the teachers were confined to traditional methods of assessment. In addition to the above study Yang (2001) explored 734 EFL Taiwanese teacher’s classroom assessment practices of young language learners through quantitative

Ethical Hackers Essay Example For Students

Ethical Hackers Essay Since the introduction of personal computers in the 1970s, the art of computerhacking has grown along with changing roles of computers in society. Computershave taken over our lives. People could not function without them; ourelectricity is run by computers, the government could not function withoutcomputers, and there are many others. Hackers are people who illegally gainaccess to, and sometimes tamper with, information in a computer system. Due torecent media coverage and corporate interest, hackers activities are now lookeddown on by society as criminal. Despite the growing trend of hacking, verylittle research has been done on the hacking world and its culture. The image ofa computer hacker has grown from a harmless nerd into a vicious techno-criminal. In reality most hackers are not out to destroy the world. The hackers in todayssociety are not bored teenagers. Imagine this, you are driving along the roadand suddenly you see something spectacular. Now imagine that you are not allowedto deviate from your course to check it out. This is what a so-calledhacker faces. Just imagine that you saw an injured person on the side ofthe road. In this analogy you are not allowed to help the injured person. Ahacker is not allowed to explore like everyone else in the world. A hacker isnot allowed to help fix potential security holes. The term hacker can have manymeanings. The most visible to the public is the person pirating software, andbreaking into corporate networks and destroying information. This is the publicmisconception of a hacker. Back in the Unix days, a hack was simply a quick anddirty way of doing something.In fact hackers are well educated people, InHackers intensify fears of industrial espionage, Mark Gembickireports the typical hacker used to be 14 to 16 years of age, white male,somewhat of an introvert . . . However, this is no longer the case. . . Ourhacker profile . . . the hackers are around 30-33, white male again,professional (Drumheller). Many of the hackers today are probably thegrown-up fourteen to sixteen years old from the past. Except now they makeenough money to purchase expensive computer equipment. They are well educatedand have an interest in technology. The majority of the hackers of today arethirty years old and well educated, they are not all out to destroy computersystems and break into national security. Although hacking is a growing trend inour society, it is not one that is accepted in the United States or any othercountry for that matter. Hacking is an international phenomenon that cuts acrossrace, gender, ethnic background, sex, and education level. Hackers have alwaysbeen considered different and have never been accepted in society. Hackers inthose days were basically just comput er experts. Nowadays hacker means the samething as a cracker, a person who pirates software, and malicious hackers. Themedia, of course, never prints the good things hackers do. Most hackers providea service to companies, by letting the company know about security holes, beforea rival exploits it. Most hackers want nothing more than to simply learn. Ahacker has an extreme thirst for knowledge, but not in the traditional subjects. Technology, and anything new interest hackers. In fact most security expertsstart out but learning and hacking. The bad view of hackers is notcompletely false. There are hackers out there that will do there best to harmany system hey can, national security documents the bad hackers as dangerous,they may gain access to classified information. Patricia Irving, president of asmall business which creates biological and chemical defense technology, says?Our technologies are being used for national security type purposes,and the U.S. government has a concern about what might be happening incountries that might not be friendly toward the United States or with terroristgroups inside and outside of this country. Both governments and companiesare forced to pay large amounts of money to try and make their sites safe andimpossible for hackers to break into. However most hackers are not going to harma government or business. Genuine hackers hack only for the joy of knowledge. Arush, like no other , is felt after finally gaining access into a site or acomputer. They feel most information should be free. They do not look at hackingas stealing. They see hacking as borrowing information. However the good hackersdo understand the rights of privacy and the good hackers do not mess withpeoples private matters. Hackers believe knowledge is power. Therefor they arein the constant pursuit of power. Hackers are a growing trend, or problem, whichever way one sees it. This underground culture will not disappear anytime soon. In fect its constantly growing as the number of users on the internet keesp onincreasing, this is*a href=http://www.coainc.cjb.net/*(http://www.coainc.cjb.net/)*/ahref* just one site where a person is offerd introductions into hacking and tojoin a hacker group. In short I will brifly describe the basic methods and ,present alilte of the FYI on hacking it self. Hackers may use a variety of waysto hack into a system.First if the hacker is experienced and smart the hackerwill use telnet to access a shell on another machine so that the risk of gettingcaught is lower than doing it using their ownsystem.(This is very complicated toexplain, the simplest way to put is the hacker sends a commend through theinternet to the server and teh server on which the telnet is located on executesthe command actions), the ways in which the hacker will break into the systemare: 1) Guess/cracking passwords. This is where the hacker takes guesses at thepassword or has a crackprogram to crack the password pr otecting the system. 2)Finding back doors is anotherway in which the hacker may get access to thesystem. This is where the hacker tries to find flaws in the system they aretrying to enter. 3) One other way in which a hacker maytry to get into a systemis by using a program called a WORM. This program is speciallyprogrammed to suitthe need of the user. This programme continually tries to connect toa machine atover 100 times a second until eventually the system lets in and the wormexecutesits program. The program could be anything from getting password filestodeleting files depending on what it has been programmed to do. Regardingprotection The only way that you or a company can stop a Hacker is by not havingyour computer connected to the net. This is the only sure fire way in which youcan stop a hacker entering yoursystem. This is mainly because hackers use aphone line to access the system. If it ispossible for one person to access thesystem then it is possible for a hacker to gainacc ess to the system. One of themain problems is that major companies need to benetworked and accessible overthe net so that employees can do overdue work or sothat people can look upthings on that company. Also major companies network theiroffices so that theycan access data from different positions. One way which is used to try toprevent hackers gaining access is a program used by companies called aFirewall.A Firewall is a program which stops other connections from differentservers to thefirewall server. This is very effective in stopping hackersentering the system. Tho this is not a fool proof way of stopping hackers as itcan be broken and hackers can get in. Though this is a very good way ofprotecting your system on the InterNet. Alitel bit on consequences, and hackingcases. Some of the major hacks that have been committed have been done by youngteens aged betwean 14 and 18. These computer geniuses as they are known haveexpert knowledge on what they are doing and also know the cons equences. Tho theconsequences do notreally enter there mind when they are doing it. This hackoccurred on February 10,1997, and again on February 14, 1997 Portuguese hackerslaunched a political attackon the web page of the Indonesian government,focusing on that countrys continued oppression of East Timor. The attack wasonline for about 3 hours from 7.00 PM to10.00 PM (Portuguese Time) at the website of the Department of Foreign Affairs,Republic of Indonesia. The hackers didnot delete or change anything. The said We justhack pages. Another majorhack that occurred was on April 1 1981 by a single user.This hacker who wassituated in an east coast brokage house was interested in the stockmarket. SO hepurchased $100,000 worth of shares in the stock market. Then hehacked into thestock markets main computers and stole $80 million dollars. The hackerwaseventually caught although $53 million dollars was not recovered. OnWednesday,March 5 1997 The home page of the National Aeronautics and Space Administrationswas recently hacked and the contents changed. The group known asH4G1S. This groupof hackers managed to change the contents of the webpage Thehacking group changedthe webpage and left a little message for all. It said Gr33t1ngs fr0m th3 m3mb3rs 0f H4G1S. Our mission is to continue where ourcolleagues the ILF left off. During the nextmonth, we the members of H4G1S, willbe launching an attack on corporate America.All who profit from the misuse ofthe InterNet will fall victim to our upcoming reign ofdigital terrorism. Ourprivileged and highly skilled members will stop at nothing until ourpresence isfelt nationwide. Even your most sophisticated firewalls are useless. Wewilldemonstrate this in the upcoming weeks. The homepage of the United StatesAir Forcewas recently hacked and the contents had been changed. The webpage hadbeenchanged completely as the hackers had inserted pornographic pictures sayingthis is what we are doing to you and had under the image screwingyou. The hackers havechanged it and shown their views on the politicalsystem. One other major hack whichwas committed was by a 16 year old boy inEurope. This boy hacked into the British Airforce and downloaded confidentialinformation on Ballistic missiles. The boy hackedinto the site and down loadedthis information because he was interested and wanted toknow more about them. Authur Miller EssayI did it in my head Damn kid. Probably copied it. Theyre all alike. Imade a discovery today. I found a computer. Wait a second, this is cool. It doeswhat I want it to. If it makes a mistake, its because I screwed it up. Notbecause it doesnt like me Or feels threatened by me.. Or thinks Im a smartass.. Or doesnt like teaching and shouldnt be here Damn kid. All he does isplay games. Theyre all alike. And then it happened a door opened to aworld Rushing through the phone line like heroin through an addicts veins,An electronic pulse is sent out, A refuge from the day-to-day incompetence issought A board is found. This is it this is where I belongI know everyone here even if Ive never met him or her, Never talked to them,may never hear from them again I know you all Damn kid. Tying up the phoneline again. Theyre all alike You bet your ass were all alike Weve beenspoon-fed baby food at school when we hungered for steak The bits of meatthat you did let slip through were pre-chewed and tasteless. Weve beendominated by sadists, or ignored by the apathetic. The few that had something toteach found us willing pupils, But those few are like drops of water in thedesert. This is our world now the world of the electron and the switch, Thebeauty of the baud. We make use of a service already existing, Without payingfor what could be dirt-cheap, If it wasnt run by profiteering gluttons, And youcall us criminals. We exploreand you call us criminals. We seek afterknowledgeand you call us criminals. We exist without skin color, Withoutnationality, Without religious bias And you call us criminals. You buildatomic bombs, You wage wars, You murder, Cheat, and lie to us, And try to makeus believe its for our own good, Yet were the criminals. Yes, I am a criminal. My crime is that of curiosity. My crime is that of judging people by what theysay and think, Not what they look like. My crime is that of outsmarting you,Something that you will never forgive me for. I am a hacker, and this is mymanifesto. You may stop this individual, But you cant stop us all After all,were all alike.